Special physical training of handball players at the preliminary basic training stage: analysis of formation level and development prospects

The physical fitness of handball players is a key factor in their competitive performance, as this sport is characterized by high-intensity motor activity, variable load dynamics, and the need for rapid adaptation to game situations. The optimal development of physical qualities not only enhances game efficiency but also reduces the risk of injury and improves resilience to functional fatigue. Given the importance of a comprehensive assessment of handball players' physical fitness, this study provides a detailed analysis of the development level of key physical abilities among athletes of different playing positions. The aim of the study is to analyze the level of formation of physical qualities in handball players and determine key patterns in their distribution across different playing positions. The research methods included standardized tests to assess physical qualities and mathematical-statistical analysis to determine the reliability of differences between samples. As part of statistical hypothesis testing, it was found that the empirical values of the compliance criterion did not exceed the critical threshold values at significance levels of α = 0.05 and α = 0.01, confirming the absence of statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups. The study results indicate a predominance of average and satisfactory levels of physical fitness among handball players, highlighting the need to improve training programs with a focus on developing specific endurance, explosive strength, and sensorimotor control. The identified differences in the formation levels of physical qualities among athletes of different playing positions emphasize the importance of a differentiated approach to the training process.