Cytological and karyological analysis of interspecific cotton hybrids

This article explores the morphology and karyological characteristics of cotton tetraploids, including Gossypium tomentosum, G. mustelinum, G. hirsutum var. morili, G. hirsutum L. variety AN-Bayaut-2, Bukhara-6 variety, G. barbadense ssp. ruderale and G. barbadense ssp. vitifolium var. brasilense, along with their polyploid plant generations and F1 hybrids. The study describes the morphological traits and karyological features of the resulting allopolyploids. The results generatedoctoploid hybrid combinations, whichwere morphologically analyzed. It was observed that most of the octoploid plants were short, some weremedium-sized and others wereflowerless, displaying morphological irregularities and fragility. The leaves of theseplants werethick but obtained from octoploids (C - generation exposed to colchicine). When the chromosomes of plants from C1 to C4generations were counted, they returned to the tetraploid level (2n = 4x = 52), stabilizing the karyotype structure among the plant generations. At the same time, a process of restoration of the normal course of microsporogenesis was observed. F1hybrids obtained fromthese species and subspecies were observed to differ significantly in several characteristics. The first-generation hybrids exhibited distinct morphological variation. Each hybrid combination differed in traits such as speed of ripening, leaf size and shape, density, size, joint spacing in the first crop, the size of pods and overall development. The hybrid plants demonstrated robust growth, a good fruit set and notable karyological features.