The Efficacy of Vermicompost in Optimizing Water Quality and Plankton Production in Cemented Aquaculture Ponds

Aquaculture is vital for global food security, yet cemented ponds often face challenges related to poor water quality and low natural productivity owing to the absence of bottom soil. This study investigates the use of vermicompost, a nutrient-rich organic fertilizer, to enhance water quality and increase plankton production in aquaculture systems. The experimental design involved four cemented tanks: a control (Without fertilizer) and three treatments with varying vermicompost application rates (5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 kg/ha/yr). Assessments of water quality parameters—including dissolved oxygen, pH, and ammonia levels—were conducted, along with sampling of plankton abundance and species composition. Results indicated improvements in water quality, particularly in DO levels, with the highest rates observed in the treatment receiving 15,000 kg/ha/yr vermicompost. Additionally, plankton diversity (Diversity index) and abundance increased with higher vermicompost applications, notably enhancing phytoplankton groups, particularly Chlorophyta, while maintaining stable zooplankton populations. These findings suggest that vermicompost is a promising sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers, effectively improving water quality and fostering a healthier aquatic ecosystem, thereby supporting aquaculture productivity. Future research should explore the long-term effects of vermicompost in various aquaculture settings.