Immunomodulation by Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-Associated Protein 9

Inspired by a bacterial viral defense mechanism, Clustered Regulatory Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) is a groundbreaking genome editing technology. It makes it possible for researchers to precisely alter DNA sequences in living things, enabling unheard-of precision and efficiency in gene editing. With the ability to create genetically modified creatures, treat genetic illnesses, and further scientific study, CRISPR-Cas9 holds great promise in the field of medicine. The term “immunomodulation” describes the control or modification of immune system function to produce targeted therapeutic effects. It involves modifying immune responses to reduce excessive inflammation, inhibit autoimmune reactions, or strengthen immunity against infections. Immune system functions are manipulated to accomplish the intended therapeutic results. Recent developments in the field of immunomodulation have shown promise in viral infections since immunomodulation has immediate applications in both scientific and clinical research. However, ethical issues need to be considered. In this review, we have discussed the process of the CRISPR/Cas9 technique and how this technique is adapted to the immunomodulation by each component of the immune system.