Navigating dual challenges-breast cancer and pregnancy: a case report

Pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is a rare but challenging condition, affecting approximately 1 in 3000 pregnancies. It often presents with symptoms that overlap with common pregnancy changes, leading to delayed diagnosis. PABC is typically more aggressive, with higher rates of hormone receptor negativity and Her2 positivity. The mortality rate for PABC is 50% higher than for non-pregnancy-related breast cancer, making early detection and management crucial for both maternal and fetal outcomes. This case report aims to highlight the management complexities of PABC, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and coordinated multidisciplinary care to optimize outcomes. A 30-year-old woman, in her first pregnancy, presented with a palpable breast mass, initially believed to be a benign pregnancy-related change. However, further diagnostic evaluation revealed an advanced-stage invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). Due to the aggressive nature of the tumor, neoadjuvant chemotherapy was promptly initiated. During treatment, the patient experienced spontaneous preterm labor. Despite this complication, both the mother and infant achieved favorable outcomes. The mother responded well to the chemotherapy, and the infant showed no significant complications, highlighting the critical importance of meticulous management in such complex cases. PABC requires prompt clinical evaluation and a multidisciplinary approach to treatment, balancing the needs of both mother and child. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be an effective option in managing advanced-stage disease, but careful monitoring is essential. This case underscores the importance of early detection and individualised treatment strategies in optimising outcomes for patients with PABC.