A Study on the Politics of Heroic Myths : The Myth of Yi (羿) Viewed Through Max Weber’s Classification of Authority

This study analyzes the myth of Yi(羿) shooting the suns (射日神話) through Max Weber’s theory of tripartite classification of authority, exploring the political implications embedded within the narrative. The research focuses on demonstrating that the myth of Yi(羿) is not merely a heroic tale but a political narrative that reflects the tension and conflict between traditional authority and charismatic authority. Yi(羿), possessing extraordinary physical abilities and performing heroic deeds, plays a crucial role in saving the community. However, within the existing system of traditional authority, his achievements are neither recognized nor rewarded; instead, his story ends in failure. This illustrates how traditional authority suppresses or transforms emerging charismatic authority to maintain its legitimacy. By applying Weber’s classification of authority, this study reveals that Yi(羿)’s role in the myth can be understood through the interaction between traditional authority (represented by Di Jun(帝俊), the ten suns, and Yao(堯)) and charismatic authority (represented by Yi(羿)). The analysis highlights that the myth reflects not only a simple narrative but also the process of forming and shifting social and political authority. Although Yi(羿) is the key figure who rescues the community, his authority is ultimately erased, suggesting a mechanism by which existing power structures reinforce their legitimacy. This research underscores the political symbolism within Chinese mythology, arguing that myths are not merely fictional tales but narratives that embody socio-political meanings. Additionally, it suggests that comparative studies with other cultural myths could further explore the universality of authority and political narratives.