Lupus Enteritis as an Initial Manifestation in a Previously Undiagnosed Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune condition with the potential to impact all bodily organ systems. Lupus enteritis represents a rare complication observed in a subset of patients who exhibit nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms. Typically, the diagnosis relies on imaging findings such as localized or widespread thickening of the bowel wall, abnormal enhancement of the bowel wall, a distinctive "comb sign" indicating engorged mesenteric vessels, the presence of ascites, and lymph node enlargement. Treatment usually involves the administration of corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents as second-line options, which have demonstrated efficacy in managing lupus enteritis. This report details a case of previously undiagnosed SLE in a patient presenting with abdominal pain and diarrhea, with diagnostic assessments confirming the presence of lupus enteritis. Timely identification and appropriate treatment are crucial in managing lupus enteritis to mitigate potential complications and enhance long-term survival. Additionally, we explore the clinical characteristics of lupus enteritis, underscoring its underlying mechanisms, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies.