Decentralized peer-to-peer energy trading: A blockchain-enabled pricing paradigm

To fully utilize the energy on the user side and establish a new integrated energy trading system to realize energy transactions among users, it is imperative to conduct research on the architecture and pricing models of energy trading systems. Based on the study of the application of blockchain technology in energy trading, this paper constructs a peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading system using blockchain technology, enabling users to conduct energy transactions without the involvement of a third party. A dynamic energy pricing method based on game theory according to the supply–demand ratio (SDR) is proposed in this paper. The pricing model considers user satisfaction and energy supply–demand comprehensively, introduces the concept of game theory, and constructs an optimized microgrid trading model under the P2P information interaction state. This paper also discusses the application scenarios and operation processes of the P2P energy system, and carries out relevant tests. The test results show that the system has high performance and efficiency, and can meet the needs of energy trading. Finally, through simulation examples, it is proved that the pricing model proposed in this paper provides users with significant benefits and technical support, and can serve as a reference for the application of blockchain in P2P energy trading.