VolcanoVR: A virtual reality environment for volcanic data visualisation and communication

With the increasing size and complexity of geological datasets relating to volcano monitoring and research, effective visualisation can be challenging. Here, we demonstrate the possibilities of volcanic data visualisation utilising virtual reality (VR) and 3D game engine technology to create a robust and adaptable program called VolcanoVR. VolcanoVR can display multiple complex datasets and has been developed to investigate volcanoes in the Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. To assess the usability and effectiveness of VolcanoVR a survey was conducted, involving 33 participants, ranging in education level and previous experience with volcanic data and VR. Results indicate VolcanoVR is easy to use with high immersion ratings and acceptable system useability and mental demand scores, with minor improvements made following the survey. Limited variability across user experience levels indicates the program is useable for a broad range of geoscientists. We have made the source code for VolcanoVR freely available so that it can be easily adapted and applied worldwide to a range of different volcanoes and geological settings.