Self-perception about knowledge in sexual health, reproductive health, and sexual abuse among adolescents in Guatapará-SP, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Sexual education in adolescents is crucial for promoting healthy development and empowerment. Approaching sexuality in an educational manner fosters healthy relationships and provides guidance on preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), teenage pregnancy, and contraception methods. Additionally, it plays a vital role in raising awareness about sexual abuse, empowering them to recognize signs, set boundaries, and seek help when needed. METHODOLOGY: An observational and descriptive study with questionnaires administered to 144 adolescents aged 15 to 17 from a school in Guatapará-SP, Brazil, assessing self-perception of Sexual and Reproductive Health and sexual abuse. The Municipal Health and Education Departments authorized the research, as did the parents (confidence level 95%, margin of error 5%). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Regarding gender, 53.1% are females. 15.4% are unaware of their reproductive organs, 45% have never discussed sexual health within their families, 30% express fear/shame discussing this topic with their families, 32% are unaware of contraceptive methods, 36% do not know what STIs are, and 24% are unfamiliar with sexual abuse. Analyses show a significant association between gender and knowledge of reproductive organs, with 18% of females and 12% of males lacking knowledge (p 0.008, Chi-Square Test). There is also a significant association between gender and family dialogue, with a 60% lower chance of families discussing with males (p 0.004, Chi-Square Test). CONCLUSION: Health education for adolescents is crucial, empowering them to make informed choices about sexual health and abuse prevention. This sensitive training provides essential tools to identify, prevent, and report harmful situations, promoting safe environments, respectful relationships, and encouraging the care of their physical and emotional well-being.