Biological Nanotechnology: A New Ecofriendly Front in the Fight Against Plant Pathogens

Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promising technologies applied to all branches of research. Global interest has been piqued by the diverse applications of metal nanoparticles (NPs) in the biological and physiochemical fields. Despite the fact that a wide range of sectors are using metal NPs more frequently, there are still certain risks associated with nanomaterials, including phytotoxicity, ecotoxicity, concentration optimization, and possible impacts on native microbiota. The production of metal NPs from plants and microorganisms has drawn a lot of interest recently and is seen to be a productive and ecologically responsible way to keep using plants and microorganisms as useful nanofactories. Given this, substantial efforts are being made to make use of biological synthesis and natural resources. Hence the main focus of this review is to highlight the role of biological nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture especially in plant disease management. This review particularly focuses on microbial and plant-mediated NPs which are currently assumed to fill the gap of metal NPs in plant disease protection.