The problem of secondary school music enrolments: Tensions between relevance, engagement and improving musical skills and knowledge

Global educational constructs affect students’ valuing of school music and continuation in music education beyond compulsory education. This United Kingdom-based study sought to understand the primary influences on students’ music education enrolment decisions after their compulsory years of schooling. Using mixed-methods research we investigated 346 Year 9 (compulsory) and Year 10 (post-compulsory) students’ perceptions of music education through questionnaires and focus-groups. The findings highlight the differing importance attributed by students to school music and music in general. Students commonly expressed a de-valuing of school music, citing a disparity between classroom music and their personal preferences and experiences. Students electively enrolled in music recognised school music’s role in developing their music knowledge and understanding. Enjoyment and musical learning emerged as primary benefits of music education, yet school music lacked perceived positive impact in their lives. Music education should better align with students’ interests, preferences and experiences beyond school to foster engagement and participation.