Research and application progress in high-performance Mg-based hydrogen storage materials

<p indent="0mm">This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in high-performance magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials and their potential applications in the hydrogen energy field. As a clean, efficient, and environmentally friendly secondary energy source, hydrogen occupies a crucial position in accelerating global energy transformation and coping with climate change. With advantages such as high safety levels and significant hydrogen storage capacity, solid-state hydrogen storage technologies have developed rapidly. Among these, magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials have garnered significant attention for energy storage and transportation. However, some significant challenges remain in practical applications including relatively high operating temperatures, slow hydrogen absorption and desorption rates, etc. To address these issues, this paper systematically summarizes advanced techniques (composition and structure modulating, catalyst doping, and nanostructuring) to optimize the performances of magnesium-based materials. Besides, in the research and development fields of magnesium-based solid-state hydrogen storage systems, various numerical simulation strategies have been adapted to predict and optimize the key parameters to enhance thermal management under operating conditions. The study also explores specific applications of magnesium-based materials across various sectors, including vehicular hydrogen storage systems, stationary hydrogen storage facilities, and distributed energy systems, highlighting their broad potential. Finally, this paper analyzed the research challenges and the future development directions of magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials.