The Influence of Psychological And Behavioral Factors on Temporomandibular Disorders: Exploring the Impact of Stress, Anxiety, and the Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are multifactorial conditions characterized by chronic pain and functional limitations in the jaw area, with psychological factors playing a significant role in symptom severity and patient outcomes. Methods: This prospective observational study involved 110 patients at Sadar Hospital, Hajipur, who underwent Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) targeting stress and anxiety from October 2023 to September 2024. Data were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months, with primary outcomes measuring changes in pain levels, jaw function, and quality of life, while secondary outcomes assessed stress and anxiety reduction. Results: Significant improvements were observed across all metrics. Pain scores decreased from a mean of 7.2 to 3.1, jaw function impairment reduced from 55% to 20%, and quality of life scores increased from 40 to 70. Anxiety levels showed substantial reductions, decreasing from a mean score of 28 to 8. All changes were statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: The study confirmed the effectiveness of CBT in significantly improving pain, function, and psychological well-being in TMD patients, highlighting the importance of integrating psychological therapies in managing this disorder. Keywords: Temporomandibular disorders, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Chronic pain, psychological interventions