Relationship between macroeconomic variables and primary public offerings in Peru

Primary public offerings (PPOs) play an essential role in capital markets by providing financing for projects that contribute directly to a country’s economic development. Macroeconomic conditions have a significant influence on the effectiveness of these offers since they affect the government’s ability to issue sovereign bonds and manage its debt efficiently. Therefore, the present study seeks to determine the relationship between macroeconomic variables and PPOs in the capital market in Peru during the period 2019–2023, employing a quantitative methodology, non-experimental design, basic type, which uses SPSS software for Pearson correlation analysis. The results show that the impact of macroeconomic variables on PPOs is diverse. A weak inverse relationship was identified between public spending and PPOs (correlation of –0.140), suggesting that increases in public spending could discourage the issuance of PPOs. In addition, a moderately strong inverse relationship was found between fiscal deficit and PPOs (correlation of –0.620), indicating that higher fiscal deficits could have a significant negative effect on PPO issuance. A weak negative relationship was also observed between non-financial public sector debt and PPOs (correlation of –0.215), implying that high levels of debt may limit the ability of the capital market to develop new offerings. These findings suggest that, although macroeconomic variables impact PPOs, the magnitude of their influence varies. Furthermore, macroeconomic stability is key to capital market development, given its effect on sovereign bond issuance.