Mobility-as-a-service as a direction for urban mobility: a systematic literature review

Motives: Urban development is associated with the emergence of problems such as pollution, traffic congestion, and suburbanisation. Effective transportation and mobility policies can play an important role in mitigating these problems. Aim: This article explores the issue of shaping urban mobility through Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS). The key elements relevant to the implementation of MaaS by city authorities were identified based on a systematic literature review and the PRISMA methodology. Different approaches to defining MaaS and methods for measuring its effectiveness were examined in detail. Challenges and issues related to the implementation of the concept were also analysed. Results: The results showed that the successful implementation of MaaS requires a high level of digitalisation and collaboration between the public and private sectors. The absence of these elements can hinder the implementation and development of MaaS. The present findings also highlighted that current research on MaaS neglects issues related to public participation in the implementation process, which may lead to lower user acceptance and reduced interest from private companies.