Assessing the Effectiveness of Twin Transformation in Lithuanian and Romanian Agriculture: A Comparative Analysis

The twin transformation in agriculture, integrating digitalization and green practices, is pivotal for achieving sustainability in the European Union (EU). This study examines the economic impacts of adopting digital and green technologies on farms in Lithuania and Romania. A comparative analysis highlights variations in adoption rates, investment levels, and operational savings across these countries. Lithuanian farms exhibit cost-efficient strategies, achieving significant profitability improvements with moderate investments, while Romanian farms engage in high-cost initiatives, reflecting differences in farm size, access to funding, and policy frameworks. The results reveal high adoption rates for digital technologies, with over 76% of farms in both countries utilizing tools such as data analytics software. However, barriers including high costs, limited funding access, and technical knowledge gaps persist, particularly in smaller farms and in Romania. Operational savings are predominantly moderate (5-10%), with significant savings exceeding 20% being rare. The study emphasizes the need for targeted policy measures, including enhanced financial support, capacity-building programs, and scalable technological solutions. These interventions are crucial for addressing disparities and fostering inclusive adoption of twin transformation practices. The findings provide a foundation for developing strategies to ensure sustainable and resilient agricultural systems in the EU, with broader implications for global agricultural transitions.