Exploring the Adaptation Processes of First-Year Medical Students: A Mixed-Method Study

Upon entering medical school, many first-year medical students face obstacles in the adaptation process, which may lead to psychological problems. To overcome this situation, they apply coping mechanisms, which are a defining factor of university adjustment. Universities should obtain information on students’ adaptation and coping mechanisms so that they can better manage their students’ adjustment-related problems. This study investigates medical students’ adaptation processes and coping mechanisms using the Student Adaptation to College Questionnaire (SACQ) and BriefCoping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief-COPE). The students were also asked to write their self-reflections on their adaptation and how they resolved their problems. This mixedmethod, cross-sectional study involved 36 first-year international class students from the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia (Batch 2022–2023). Using the validated SACQ and Brief-COPE questionnaires, the results indicated less significant impacts of age and gender on adaptation and how students coped with stress. Seven components from SACQ and Brief-COPE yielded statistically significant results, with p-values < 0.05. This study revealed four major themes: adaptation in medical school, adaptation process, factors influencing adaptation and coping strategies. Furthermore, 17 subthemes and 56 sub-subthemes related to adaptation and coping strategies were identified. Regarding academic adjustment, the aspects of curriculum, learning methods, task loads, subjects, assessment and learning activities are challenging for medical students. The findings underscore the need for personal and academic adjustment support for first-year medical students. By addressing these challenges, their overall well-being and learning experiences can be improved, ultimately enhancing their success during this crucial phase of education.