“Invisible Dangers”: Unconscious processing of angry vs fearful faces and its relationship to subjective anger

Traditional paradigms for studying the unconscious processing of threatening facial expressions face methodological limitations and have predominantly focused on fear, leaving gaps in our understanding of anger. Additionally, it is unclear how the unconscious perception of anger influences subjective anger experiences. To address this, the current study employed Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS), a robust method for studying unconscious processing, to assess suppression times for angry, fearful and happy facial expressions. Following the administration of CFS, participants underwent an anger induction paradigm, and state anger symptoms were assessed at multiple timepoints. Suppression times for angry faces were compared to those for happy and fearful faces, and their relationship with state anger symptoms post-induction was examined. Results revealed that fearful faces broke suppression significantly faster than happy faces. Anger was slower to break suppression compared to fear, but no significant differences emerged between anger and happiness. In addition, the faster emergence into awareness of fear compared to anger was linked to an increased state anger after the induction, indicating that differences in the unconscious processing of these two emotions can potentially influence symptoms of subjective anger. These findings provide new insights into how angry and fearful faces are processed unconsciously, with implications for understanding the cognitive mechanisms underlying subjective anger.