Translation, Adaptation, and Validation of the Children’s Mathematics Anxiety Scale into Turkish

A Turkish version of the Children's Mathematics Anxiety Scale UK (CMAS-UK) was created to be used with primary school samples (n = 1450).A multistep process was followed, including (1) the translation and adaptation of the scale; (2) exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis; (3) reliability analysis; (4) confirmatory factor analysis; and (5) convergent and discriminant validity evidence.Unlike the original version of the CMAS, exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor internal structure.Comparison of the fit indices for the three models demonstrated that a 19-item two-factor solution was the preferable model.Mathematics anxiety scores at grades 2-4 showed a positive relationship with children's mathematics anxiety at grades 1-5.Multivariate analyses revealed no significant differences in mathematics anxiety by gender whereas significant differences were found across grade levels.The CMAS-TR is the first cultural adaptation with an older sample and sound psychometric properties supporting future cross-cultural research on mathematics anxiety.