A comparative study of selected psychological parameters among canoeing, kayaking athletes, and non-athletes

The study aims to compare selected psychological parameters, such as stress, anxiety, and self-confidence, among canoeing athletes, kayaking athletes, and non-athletes. A total of 90 participants were divided equally into three groups (canoeing, kayaking, and non-athletes). Psychological assessments were conducted using standardized questionnaires, and the data were analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc tests. Results revealed significant differences in stress and self-confidence levels between athletes and non-athletes, with canoeing and kayaking athletes exhibiting superior psychological profiles compared to non-athletes.