Psychrophilic micro-organisms and their survival strategies for sustainable development

Cold adapted micro-organisms plays vital role in many areas of life science like agriculture, industry, medicine & other fields. Cold adapted microbes are seen to generate freezing ant compound under freezing conditions in cryosurgery. In agriculture they work as bio inoculants for the growth of crops. In mountain regions where the temperature is low they work to emulsify various types of nutrients to fix the atmospheric nitrogen and various other regulators which are responsible for plant growth and nutrition such as cytokinins, GA, IAA, and iron chelating compound. For the assortment of bio inoculants with plant growth promotion PGP microbes the microorganism from the cold environment help in database and have been used to enhance the growth of crops at higher altitudes inducing low temperatures. Cold adapted microorganism has many advantages than other microorganism like high enzymatic, high microbial growth rate and metabolic activities at the temperature of 0-20°C so to inactivate the homologous mesophilic enzymes. Psychrophilic or psychrotolerant microorganisms developed various procedures to manage the significant challenges forced to survive due to low temperatures. Amidst the different components of endurance exposed and, surprisingly, modification of enzyme kinetics, seasonal dormancy osmoregulation cryoprotectors, and antifreeze molecules; modulation of cytoplasmic membrane fluidity. The paper thus enlightens the survival strategies of the cold adapted micro-organisms.