Formulation and evaluation of cuo-enhanced levofloxacin nanoparticles for targeted therapy against Salmonella typhi

The CuO-loaded levofloxacin nanoparticles (CuO-LFNs) act as an antibacterial agent. In this study, the CuO-loaded levofloxacin nanoparticles (CuO-LFNs) are characterized using advanced techniques such as FTIR, SEM, TEM, and HPLC. These characterization methods reveal the structural integrity, particle morphology, and surface chemistry of the Nano carriers. In vitro release experiments are conducted using simulated body fluid at 37 °C to assess the dissolution and drug release profiles. The data obtained from these experiments are analysed with different kinetic models, showing a slow dissolution rate over 12 to 24 hours, which indicates sustained release behavior of the CuO-LFNs. The antimicrobial efficacy of CuO-LFNs against Salmonella typhi is evaluated, and the results demonstrate a significant enhancement in antibacterial activity compared to free levofloxacin. The experimental data show that CuO-LFNs possess a particle size of 140.1 nm, with a zeta potential value of -19.8 mV, indicating good stability in solution. The encapsulation efficiency of the nanoparticles is found to be between 87-91%, highlighting the successful loading of the antibiotic into the CuO nanoparticles. This study suggests that CuO-loaded levofloxacin nanoparticles could be a promising alternative for the treatment of Salmonella typhi infections, offering advantages such as enhanced antimicrobial activity, sustained release, and good encapsulation efficiency. The incorporation of CuO further provides a synergistic effect, enhancing the overall therapeutic potential of the formulation.