Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from medicinal plant extracts: Applications in antibacterial, antifungal, and biomedical fields

In recent years, the development of sustainable and efficient green chemistry methodologies for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles has become a significant area of research. A major objective in this field is to establish eco-friendly approaches for the controlled production of well-characterized nanoparticles. Among various biosynthetic strategies, the utilization of biological organisms has garnered substantial attention, with plants being recognized as highly suitable candidates for large-scale nanoparticle biosynthesis. Nanoparticles synthesized via plant-mediated processes exhibit enhanced stability and a higher synthesis rate compared to those produced by microorganisms. Furthermore, plant-derived nanoparticles display a broader range of morphological variations in terms of shape and size, offering greater versatility for diverse applications. The inherent advantages of plant-based nanoparticle synthesis have prompted extensive investigations into the underlying biochemical and molecular mechanisms governing metal ion uptake, bioreduction, and nanoparticle formation within plant systems.