Exploration of antioxidant, antidiarrheal, analgesic & anti-hyperglycemic potentials and phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of Schumannianthus dichotomus leaves

The Schumannianthus dichotomus plant, known locally as Paitara, is a member of the Marantaceae family. Ethanol was used to extract S. dichotomus leaves. The extract was used to observe the antidiarrheal, antioxidant, anti-hyperglycemic, analgesic, and phytochemical assessment properties. The existence of proteins, alkaloids, terpenoids, glycosides, phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins were demonstrated by the phytochemical examination of the crude extract of S. dichotomus. The antioxidant assays indicate that the extract has a high total phenolic, tannin, and flavonoid content. Total tannin, phenol and flavonoid in leaves were found 3846.2 mg GAE/100 g, 354.49 mg GAE/100 g (gallic acid equivalent) and 4472.64 mg QE/100 g (quercetin equivalent) respectively. Statistical evaluation does not show any acute toxicity. Thus, it ensures that the negative effects of the crude extract dosage won't influence the pharmacological research's findings. The ethanolic extract was next tested for antidiarrheal, analgesic activity and antidiabetic activity. In the statistical evaluation of antidiabetic activity, the glucose level of four groups were controls 10.3 mmol/L, standard 6.26 mmol/L, extract I 8.3 mmol/L and extract II 12.5 mmol/L. The glucose level was measured by glucometer. In the statistical evaluation of antidiarrheal, the percentage inhibition of defecations standard 65.35%, extract I (250) 45.54%, extract II (500) 52.47%. In this study, loperamide used as standard and also used castor oil which produced diarrhea. Significant analgesic effect was demonstrated by the crude ethanol fraction at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg b.w. of dosages, according to statistical analysis of the data. In contrast, diclofenac sodium (Standard) produced an inhibition of 70.97%, whereas they produced an inhibition of 58.04% and 62.36%, respectively. On the other hand, the leaves of S. dichotomus do not show antibacterial activities. The method is use for this test is called writhing method. The result reveals that the leaves of S. dichotomus exhibit substantial hypoglycemic activity in an ethanolic extract. The findings imply that a variety of phytochemicals with possible antioxidant qualities are present in the extract.