Geology and Petrography of Rawayya and Its Environs Part of Sheet 54SE, Bungudu Local Government Area of Zamfara State, Nigeria

The area of study is Rawayya and its environs, North Eastern Bungudu. An area of 15km² bounded by latitude 12°14'17" to 12°13'19" N and longitude 06°42'7" to 06°42'32" E was mapped on a scale of 1: 25,000. The area is accessed through major roads, footpaths, and river channels. The study area was mapped using the traverse method done with the aid of a topographical map, G. P. S (Global Positioning System), Hand lenses, Tape, compass clinometers, sack bags, and hammers to locate position, collect samples, take structural readings and store samples. Two major rock types were identified in the area. The rocks within the area comprise biotite-granite and granodiorite. The minerals identified through hand specimen field description of these rocks include: quartz, feldspar (plagioclase), biotite, and muscovite. Structures within the study area manifest an imprint of Pan-African orogeny (NNE-SSW). There was the presence of monomineral quartz veins. Other structures observed were faults, folds, joints (open and closed fractures), veins, xenoliths, and pegmatite veins. The predominant trend of the joints and veins is in the NE-SW direction. These structural features have been interpreted to be related to the Pan-African orogeny. The Petrographical analysis of the rock sample was carried out at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi. Using a Petrographic microscope (Thin section) identified major elements such as quartz, feldspars (plagioclase), biotite mica, muscovite, and accessory minerals such as Hornblende.