Mass-dependent Radial Distribution of Single and Binary Stars in the Pleiades and Their Dynamical Implications

Abstract The Pleiades is a young open cluster that has not yet dynamically relaxed, making it an ideal target to observe various internal dynamical effects. By employing a well-defined sample of main-sequence (MS) cluster members, including both MS single stars and unresolved MS+MS binaries, we revisited their individual masses and mass functions and quantified the mass dependence of their radial distributions. We found that the mass function of binaries is more top-heavy than that of single stars. Significant mass segregation is observed for both single and binary populations, respectively, with more massive objects concentrated toward the cluster center. Notably, within given mass ranges, binaries are distributed more scattered than single stars, providing direct evidence for more efficient dynamical disruption of binaries in the inner region. The radial distribution of the binary fraction, expressed as the f b – R relation can be characterized by a bimodal shape, with higher f b values in both innermost and outermost regions of the cluster. The lower-mass subsample exhibits a monotonic increase in f b with radius, reflecting the impact of binary disruption. Conversely, for the higher-mass subsample, f b decreases with radius. It can be explained that these massive cluster members, which possess higher binary probabilities, have already undergone significant mass segregation. All these observational evidence and analyses related to the radial mass distribution imply that the Pleiades is currently undergoing a complicated interplay of various internal dynamical effects, of which the modulation between mass segregation and binary disruption is particularly pronounced.