Epidemiological trends and age-period-cohort effects on periodontal diseases incidence across the BRICS from 1992 to 2021

Brazil, India, and China experienced an increasing trend in the age-standardized incidence rates of periodontal diseases from 1992 to 2021, in contrast to the declining trends observed in the Russian Federation and South Africa. Furthermore, the APC analysis indicates the intricate dynamics of age, period, and cohort influences on periodontal diseases incidence. Distinct national trajectories, shaped by varying socioeconomic, cultural, and historical frameworks, highlight that public health initiatives must be meticulously customized to mitigate and control the periodontal diseases burden across diverse settings.