Shallow water habitat mapping in Bira Besar Island, Jakarta Province, Indonesia

Shallow water habitats are crucial for living and protective environments for various organisms. Mapping of these areas is necessary to understand the diversity of shallow water habitats around Bira Besar Island. The objective of this study was to map the shallow water habitat surrounding the Bira Besar Island. Remote sensing technology was applied using object-based image analysis (OBIA) on Sentinel-2A imagery acquired on May 28, 2024. The segmentation processed in OBIA uses a scale of 30 at level 1 and 10 at level 2, with the same value for both levels for compactness of 0.1 and shape of 0.5. The classification results indicated six habitat classes: sand, coral, macroalgae, seagrass, sand, and dead coral algae. Using water column correction with the Depth Invariant Index (DII), an overall accuracy of 82% and a kappa coefficient of 0.765 were achieved. The analysis showed that shallow water habitats around Bira Besar Island were dominated by dead coral algae (28.49 ha) and coral (24.88 ha), followed by sand (13.22 ha), rubble (9.69 Ha), macroalgae (1.43 ha), and seagrass (0.37 ha) as the smallest dominant habitat.