Current Aspects in Orthodontic Diagnosis

Orthodontic diagnostics have evolved significantly, moving from a traditional focus on hard tissue relationships to a more inclusive approach that considers both hard and soft tissues. Originally based on the Angle paradigm, which emphasized ideal dental occlusion, the field now recognizes the importance of soft tissue evaluation. Modern diagnostics incorporate various records, such as dental casts, photographs, radiographs, and clinical measurements. Technological advancements have introduced tools like digitized dental models, virtual dental setups, and intraoral scanners, which improve the accuracy of treatment outcomes. Additionally, three-dimensional (3D) facial imaging and advanced imaging technologies like multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) have enhanced diagnostic precision. While traditional two-dimensional (2D) records remain common, artificial intelligence (AI), especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), has shown potential for diagnostic accuracy comparable to human examiners, particularly in cephalometric X-ray analysis. These advancements provide efficient and reliable diagnostic methods, improving treatment planning and decision-making in orthodontics.