The Collapse of the Assad Regime: The Role of Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) and the Challenges in Post-War Syria - An Analytical Study

Syria's transformation following the fall of the Assad regime marks a pivotal moment in its modern history. This paper explores the historical trajectory of the Assad dynasty, the domestic and international forces leading to its downfall, and the current efforts to rebuild Syria under new governance. The study examines the roles of key stakeholders, including international actors such as the U.S., Russia, Iran, Turkey, Israel, and Gulf states, in shaping Syria’s post-conflict landscape. It highlights the complex challenges facing Syria’s reconstruction, encompassing political legitimacy, economic revival, social cohesion, and foreign diplomacy. The rise of Hay’at Tahrir al-Sham (HTS) as a governing entity raises critical concerns regarding its ideological past and future governance aspirations. Additionally, the study evaluates the international community's response and the prospects of sustainable peace in Syria. By analyzing historical events, policy shifts, and emerging geopolitical realities, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of Syria’s transition and the multifaceted challenges it faces in achieving stability and national reconstruction.