Fermented Kamut Wheat Diet Prevents DSS-Induced Colitis via Modulating Gut Microbiota in Mice

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with limited treatment options. This study investigates the preventive effects of fermented Kamut wheat enzyme (FKW) diet on the progression of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, with a focus on gut microbiota modulation and inflammatory cytokine regulation. Female C57BL/6J mice were divided into groups and fed a diet consisting of either a FKW diet (containing 39.80% FKW) or a control diet under 1.25% and 2.50% DSS conditions. The FKW diet was formulated based on the AIN-93G standard rodent formula, with the FKW diet providing comparable amounts of total proteins, crude lipids, and dietary fibers as the control diet. The FKW diet effectively mitigated the progression of colitis, as evidenced by improvements in key indicators such as dietary intake, body weight, colon length, stool consistency, and bleeding, particularly in the 1.25% DSS group. Histopathological analysis revealed preservation of colonic architecture and reduced mucosal damage in the FKW group. The diet also resulted in a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels, coupled with an increase in anti-inflammatory IL-10. Gut microbiota analysis showed increased abundance of beneficial bacteria such as <i>Muribaculaceae</i>, <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> NK4A136 and <i>Bacteroides acidifaciens</i> and decreased pathogenic bacteria like <i>Escherichia</i>/<i>Shigella</i> and <i>Bilophila</i>. These findings underscore the potential of FKW as a preventive dietary intervention for mitigating the progression of colitis, emphasizing the role of gut microbiota in supporting intestinal health. These results highlight FKW's potential to reduce the risk of colitis development, providing a foundation for future research into its preventive applications.