Study on the Influencing Factors and Evaluation Method of Misoperation Risk in Substation Electrical Switching Operations

Substation switching operations are a critical part of power systems. However, due to various factors, operator errors or equipment failures can lead to severe safety hazards. To effectively identify and quantify these risks, this paper proposes an evaluation method for the misoperation risk in substation electrical switching operations based on an improved Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). By considering various influencing factors of substation operational risks, an evaluation index system for operational risks is constructed, covering personnel, equipment, environment, and management. For weight assignment, the improved AHP method based on exponential scaling is adopted. By optimizing the consistency ratio, the weight coefficients of the evaluation indices are made more accurate and reliable, thus avoiding the potential weight bias issues in traditional AHP methods. The TOPSIS method is used to calculate the distance between each evaluation scheme and the ideal solution, ranking the risks of substation switching operation schemes. This method effectively compares the advantages and disadvantages of different operational schemes and provides scientific support for operation risk management. The case study analysis results show that the improved AHP-TOPSIS method significantly outperforms traditional evaluation methods in terms of accuracy and consistency, offering a more accurate reflection of the risks associated with electrical switching operations. Compared with traditional methods, this approach demonstrates higher reliability and stability in weight assignment and evaluation processes, allowing for a more comprehensive consideration of various influencing factors and providing more precise risk evaluation results.