МОРФЕМИКА КАК РАЗДЕЛ ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЯ В РУССКОМ И БАШКИРСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ (СОПОСТАВИТЕЛЬНО-ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ)

The article is devoted to the comparative description of morphemic units of different structural languages. The paper examines the basic concepts of morphemics in a comparative and typological aspect based on the material of the Russian and Bashkir languages, namely: the term "morphemics", the object of morphemics as a branch of linguistics, the basic units of morphemics "morph" and "morpheme"; their similarities and differences are established. The relevance of comparative language learning is due to linguistic and extralinguistic factors affecting the functioning of language in society. The linguistic space of the Republic of Bashkortostan, as well as other republics within the Russian Federation, is characterized by the presence of pronounced bilingualism and partly polylinguism. According to the morphemic structure, methods of word formation and their grammatical forms, the Bashkir language, like other Turkic languages, belongs to the type of agglutinative languages. Until recently, there were no special works on morphemics in Bashkir linguistics, so the systematic study of the morphemic structure of a word and the clarification of changes occurring in it still remained one of the unresolved problems. With the appearance of K.G. Ishbaev's works "Word formation of the Bashkir language" (1994), "Bashkir language. Morphemics. Word formation" (2000) this problem has been solved to some extent. The following provisions of its study are fundamental: in the Bashkir language, as in other languages, words and word forms consist of morphs, allomorphs, morphemes and morpheme variants; According to their meaning, location and functions, morphemes are divided into two types: root morphemes (roots) and affixal morphemes (affixes). The works of such linguists as A.A. Yuldashev, T.M. Garipov, K.G. Ishbayev, M.H. Akhtyamov contributed to the fact that the morphology in Bashkir linguistics has firmly established itself in the status of an independent section. In the monograph "Bashkir language. Morphology" (2004) by the linguist G.R. Abdullina underwent a special study of the phono-morphemic structure of the roots and affixes of the Bashkir word, their meanings and functions. The materials of the article will be useful to specialists in the field of contrastive linguistics, philologists, teachers and students of humanities universities.