Pterygoid Hamulus Bursitis: A Rare and Overlooked Cause of Orofacial Pain

Pterygoid hamulus bursitis (PHB) is an infrequently reported condition that presents with chronic orofacial pain, often misdiagnosed as temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) or other common craniofacial pain syndromes. This condition arises from inflammation of the bursa surrounding the pterygoid hamulus (PH), a small hook-like bone structure of the sphenoid bone. Anatomical variations such as elongation of the PH or repetitive mechanical irritation are among the primary causes of this rare pathology. Clinically, PHB manifests as pain radiating to the soft palate, throat, or temporomandibular joint area, accompanied by symptoms such as dysphagia or otologic discomfort. This comprehensive review examines the current understanding of PHB, including its anatomy, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies, based on the available literature and clinical evidence. Early recognition and appropriate management, including surgical intervention when necessary, are essential to alleviate symptoms and prevent long-term complications.