Chiari network. A potential enemy in patent foramen ovale closure

A 47-year-old man with a cryptogenic stroke and a patent foramen ovale (PFO) was referred for percutaneous closure. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) revealed the presence of a large PFO and a prominent, hypermobile Chiari network (CN) (figure 1A; LA, left atrium; PFO, patent foramen ovale; RA, right atrium). Percutaneous closure was intracardiac echocardiography (ICE)-guided via femoral venous access (figure 1B and video 1 of the supplementary data). A floppy 0.035 in J-tip wire crossed through the PFO and was exchanged for an extra-stiff wire using a multipurpose catheter. Measurements were performed using a 24 mm sizing balloon and a maximum separation of 10 mm. After sizing balloon removal, despite appropriate anticoagulation, ICE showed a hyperreflective, filiform image on the left atrium attached to the guidewire (figure 2A and video 2 of the supplementary data), and a blood clot was suspected. The entire system was removed revealing fibrous, multifenestrated tissue attached to the guidewire, which was sent to pathology and confirmed as part of the CN (figure 2B). Finally, a 30 mm GORE CARDIOFORM Septal Occluder (W.L. Gore & Associates, United States) was implanted with no residual shunt, CN remnants (video 3 of the supplementary data), or embolic complications. Figure 1. Figure 2. This case...