Common statistical methods used in medical research

This paper aims to review the statistical methods that are widely used in medical and clinical research. Statistical analysis is crucial for ensuring the reliability of research results; therefore, methods should be carefully tailored to research interests and objectives, depending on the type and characteristics of the data. This paper explains various types of data, discusses how to confirm whether the data satisfy these methods’ specific assumptions, and elucidates the meaning and interpretation of univariable and multivariable analysis. Finally, it presents corresponding examples to help other researchers understand how these methods are applied in real-world studies and select appropriate methods that ensure both research quality and reliability.