Research on Lightweight ER-PBFT Consensus Algorithm for IoT Applications

IIoT devices are constrained by energy, computing and communication capabilities, facing challenges such as high energy consumption and long latency. To enhance the applicability of consensus protocols in resource-constrained environments, this paper proposes an improved blockchain consensus algorithm, ER-PBFT, tailored for IIoT scenarios. The algorithm incorporates a node energy model to evaluate energy thresholds and updates node energy values during each consensus preparation phase. On this basis, a reputation score model dynamically adjusts node reputation based on historical behavior, ensuring consensus nodes possess sufficient energy and high reliability. Additionally, a connectivity-based information synchronization algorithm is proposed to establish optimal paths for message forwarding, reducing communication overhead and energy consumption. Experimental simulations show that ER-PBFT outperforms the traditional PBFT protocol in terms of consensus latency and energy consumption. When the number of nodes reaches 50, ER-PBFT reduces latency by approximately 73.27%, increases throughput by about 34.53%, and decreases energy consumption by approximately 79.29% compared to traditional PBFT.