Positional Differences in Internal and External Training Load Metrics in Elite Football Academy League Players

This study aims to provide guidance for evidence-based training optimization by examining differences in position-specific internal and external training loads of elite youth soccer players. A total of 27 players from a U17 team competing in the Elite Academy League participated in the study, comprising four fullbacks, four forwards, eight wingers, seven midfielders, and four center-backs. The mean age of the players was 17 years, the mean height was 179.19 ± 6.05 cm, and the mean body weight was 71.62 ± 6.38 kg. Data were collected during the competition period. Internal training load was assessed using heart rate (minimum, average, and maximum) and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE). External load parameters included measures such as total distance, number of sprints, accelerations and decelerations, and time spent in Speed Zone 4 (21.0-23.99 km/h) and Speed Zone 5 (24.0 > km/h). The statistical analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis test determined the significance level as p ≤ 0.05. As a result of the study, significant differences were found among the values of Sprint (p < 0.001), Speed Zone 5 (p < 0.001), Acceleration (p < 0.001), Deceleration (p = 0.029), Training Load (p < 0.001) and Maximum Heart Rate (p < 0.001) according to positions. These findings emphasize the specific physical and physiological requirements of each position. Therefore, coaches and sports scientists must develop position-specific training programs considering these requirements. Such an approach can help athletes improve their performance, reduce the risk of injury, and ensure an effective recovery process. Tailoring training protocols to positional demands can enhance player performance, reduce injury risk, and optimize recovery strategies in elite youth football.