A Typological and Chronological Assessment of The Glass Artifacts From The Hypostyle Fountain at Labraunda

This study examines the glass artifacts recovered from the Hypostyle Fountain, situated within the sanctuary of Zeus Labraundos in the Caria Region, which is recognized as one of the most significant structures of the site. The excavation and documentation of the Hypostyle Fountain, recognized as the largest, possibly the earliest, and most monumental fountain house at Labraunda, were completed between 2013 and 2015. Architectural techniques and archaeological evidence suggest that the fountain was constructed during the Hecatomnid satrapy (c. 395-330 BC). The chronological range of the building’s use spans a considerable period, commencing in this period and extending into the Middle Byzantine Period. The work presented herein constitutes a significant advancement and a critical component of the Labraunda Glass Project conducted from 2014 to 2017. This project encompasses the documentation and typological evaluation of all glass vessels uncovered at Labraunda from the start of the excavations in 1948 until 2016. Hence, it was feasible to assess the glass artifacts from the Hypostyle Fountain in relation to those from other sectors of the sanctuary. The quantity and quality of the glass finds are sufficient to elucidate the character of the building. These artifacts exhibit a diverse range of construction and decorative techniques, as well as various forms and colors. The findings include typologically characteristic examples; however, there are also instances that can be regarded as unique, both within the region and across other find centers from the same period. It is also possible to trace the periods of the building’s use in parallel with the glass artifacts.