Histopathological features of wrist ganglion cysts and their relationship with recurrence

Aim: Our study aims to analyze the histopathological structure of wrist ganglion cysts in patients treated with surgery and their relationship with recurrence.Material and Methods: 104 patients who underwent surgery for wrist ganglion cysts between January 2021 and June 2024 were retrospectively examined.In the histopathological evaluation, myofibroblast density, degree of inflammation, vascularization, collagen density, and capsule thickness were examined.Immunohistochemical staining procedures were performed for -SMA, CD34, Ki-67, and Vimentin.Recurrence rates and associated risk factors were evaluated.Results: The mean age was 35.412.8years, with a female predominance (68.3%).Dorsal localization was the most common localization (65%).When examined histopathologically, moderate myofibroblast density was detected in 54.2% of the cases.The overall recurrence rate was calculated as 26.7%.A significant correlation was observed between recurrence and increased myofibroblast density (p=0.042),high vascularization (p=0.038), and capsule thickness greater than 2.8 mm (p=0.034).Volar location (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.46-3.75)and cyst size greater than 15 mm (OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.18-3.14)were independent risk factors for recurrence.Discussion: Histopathological content of wrist ganglion cysts, especially myofibroblast density, vascularization, and capsule thickness, is significantly correlated with the risk of recurrence and the findings may be helpful in the detection of high-risk cases and in the development of treatment strategies.