Neumann Cut-Offs and Essential Self-adjointness on Complete Riemannian Manifolds with Boundary
Abstract We generalize some fundamental results for noncompact Riemannian manfolds without boundary, that only require completeness and no curvature assumptions, to manifolds with boundary: let M be a smooth Riemannian manifold with boundary $$\partial M$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>∂</mml:mi> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and let $$\hat{C}^\infty _c(M)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> denote the space of smooth compactly supported cut-off functions with vanishing normal derivative, Neumann cut-offs . We show, among other things, that under completeness: $$\hat{C}^\infty _c(M)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is dense in $$W^{1,p}(\mathring{M})$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>˚</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> for all $$p\in (1,\infty )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ; this generalizes a classical result by Aubin (Bull. Sci. Math. 100:149–173, 1976) for $$\partial M=\emptyset $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>∂</mml:mi> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∅</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . M admits a sequence of first order cut-off functions in $$\hat{C}^\infty _c(M)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ; for $$\partial M=\emptyset $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>∂</mml:mi> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∅</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> this result can be traced back to Gaffney (Ann. Math. (2) 60(1):140–145, 1954). the Laplace–Beltrami operator with domain of definition $$\hat{C}^\infty _c(M)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mover> <mml:mi>C</mml:mi> <mml:mo>^</mml:mo> </mml:mover> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is essentially self-adjoint; this is a generalization of a classical result by Strichartz (J. Funct. Anal. 52(1):48–79, 1983) for $$\partial M=\emptyset $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>∂</mml:mi> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∅</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> .
Authors
- Batu Güneysu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9541-4074)
- Alberto G. Setti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6042-0881)
- Davide Bianchi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-311X)
Institutions
- University of Insubria (IT)
- Chemnitz University of Technology (DE)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (CN)
- Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology (CN)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Geometric Analysis
- Published
- 2025-03-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-025-01972-y
- Primary Topic
- Spectral Theory in Mathematical Physics
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Università degli Studi dell'Insubria