Performance Enhancement and Secrecy Analysis of Hybrid RF/FSO Communication Links Under Combined κ-μ Fading and Exponential Turbulence Conditions

In this study, the secrecy performance evaluation of hybrid RF/FSO communication systems over κ-μ fading and exponential turbulence channels are conducted. We analyse the secure information rate and evaluate the throughput and secrecy capacity of the system through simulations. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid system improves reliability and security by combining adaptive modulation, beamforming, and encryption to combat interference and secure data transmission. Geographical heat maps help to visualize the influence of environmental factors on system performance. Federated learning in hybrid RF/FSO systems have been investigated in detail through simulations and numerical results to show the considerable improvements in communication reliability and performance that the increased redundancy and robustness of the hybrid scheme provides. This helps gain valuable insights into a better design of wireless networks in the future by highlighting the benefits of hybrid communication techniques and simulation-driven design to enhance performance and security across diverse complex environments and conditions.