Analyzing the Impact of Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) Development on Land Surface Temperature (LST) Using Landsat 8 Satellite Imagery

This study examines the impact of urban devel-opment, particularly the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) and Mandalika Circuit, on the Land Surface Tem-perature (LST) and vegetation dynamics in Kuta Village, Central Lombok, Indonesia. Utilizing Landsat 8 satellite imagery from 2014 to 2023, the study evaluates temporal changes in LST and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to understand the effects of rapid urbanization on the local environment. LST and NDVI values were derived from surface reflectance and thermal infrared bands, with annual averages computed for each year to observe trends over time. Spatial analysis revealed signifi-cant increases in LST, particularly in the southeastern re-gion of Kuta Village, where urbanization and infrastructure expansion have led to the formation of an urban heat island effect. In contrast, vegetation health, measured by NDVI, showed a decrease in areas affected by construction and land use changes, yet the overall NDVI values across the village remained relatively stable. The study employed the Mann-Kendall test to assess trends, finding that while there were notable localized changes in both LST and NDVI, the broader long-term trends across the region did not exhibit statistically significant shifts. These findings underscore the localized impact of urban development, highlighting areas where temperature increases and vegetation loss are most prominent. The results emphasize the importance of sus-tainable urban planning strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of urbanization, such as increasing green spaces and adopting environmentally friendly construction practices. Sustainable urban management practices are crucial to balance development needs with environmental sustainabil-ity, ensuring long-term ecological and social resilience in the region.