Lead-Free Cs₃Sb₂I₉ Perovskite: Advancing Solar Technology Through Enhanced Efficiency and Environmental Responsibility

Thin film perovskite based solar cells (PSCs) outshined over silicon based solar cells with their outstanding photovoltaic (PV) performance. The noticeable features of PSCs are their extended diffusion length, carrier life time and affordability. Moreover, its capability to modulate bandgap is exceptional attraction, allows wide range of wavelengths to get absorbed by solar cells. Hybrid (organic-inorganic) perovskite delivered significant rise in power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, drawback of this material is its limited thermal stability. To deal with this issue, focus of researchers is shifted towards all-inorganic halide (AIH) perovskite materials. As per previous published work, AIH perovskites exhibited high thermal stability against change in temperature/humidity. However, presence of lead (Pb) in AIH perovskite compounds is hazardous to environment as well to living beings. This study proposed a AIH perovskite material Cs3Sb2I9, free of lead, deployed as an active layer in solar cell design. The proposed Cs3Sb2I9 based AIH-PSC, is executed in SCAPS-1D simulator. In this study, impact of acceptor doping/ interface defect density of Spiro-OMeTAD/Cs3Sb2I9-Spiro-OMeTAD is analysed on PV performance of AIH-PSC, for the range 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> -10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> (cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup>)/ 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> - 10<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> (cm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup>) respectively. This work encourages many researchers to work on lead free perovskites.