Fast Frequency Response Provision from Inverter-Enabled Hybrid Power Plants

The emergence of inverter-based resources (IBR) presents challenges for traditional grid stability measures like inertial response and frequency support services. Hybrid power plants (HPPs) integrate multiple technologies in an IBR-enabled environment, offering flexible and reliable grid solutions. The provision of innovative ancillary services such as fast frequency response (FFR) is crucial for grid stability. It is typically facilitated by energy storage systems (ESS), but challenges remain in optimizing IBR coordination for the provision of these services. This paper provide an extensive review of control techniques for futuristic ancillary services provision in IBR-enabled HPPs. The HPP model used as a reference is comprised of photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), and ESS technology assets for real-time coordination control schemes. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) scheme is considered as benchmark for coordination, resource allocation, and response time optimization for ensuring scalability and adaptability. The proposed model is reviewed and validated with case study for injecting active power and observe FFR response. It was observe that the frequency response of IBR assets regulated within 120 ms–160 ms that meet the FFR requirement.