Photoplethysmogram (PPG) Signal Analysis for the Heart Rate Estimation Using Shannon Entropy

a non-invasive optical technique called photo plethysmography (PPG) monitors variations in blood volume in peripheral tissues. It is frequently utilized in wearable technology and healthcare to track vital indications like heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and vascular function. PPG measures the amount of light that is reflected or transmitted by the tissues by shining light into the skin. The variations in blood volume brought on by the cardiac cycle are what affect how much light is reflected or transmitted. It can be utilized in healthcare settings for early detection of cardiovascular diseases, monitoring of patient vital signs, and assessment of stress levels. Moreover, it can be integrated into wearable devices, enabling continuous HR monitoring in real-time for fitness tracking and personal well-being management.