Seamless High Availability in MySQL Database Systems: An Advanced Implementation of ProxySQL, Orchestrator, and Keepalived

High availability (HA) in MySQL databases remains a critical challenge, particularly due to risks such as single point of failure (SPOF) and limited scalability in existing setups. Previous studies have explored various approaches to address these issues. One study implemented ProxySQL and Orchestrator for query routing and failover but relied on a single server instance, creating a SPOF that could disrupt client access during failures. Another study implemented HAProxy to balance traffic and couple database servers with specific web applications. While effective for certain use cases, this approach reduced resource efficiency and scalability, because it relies on HTTP protocol and database server are coupled to each application, making it less suitable for dynamic, shared environments requiring high flexibility. These limitations highlight the need for a more robust and scalable HA solution. This paper proposes an improved HA architecture that eliminates SPOFs and enhances scalability by combining redundant ProxySQL instances synchronized with Keepalived managed Virtual IP (VIP) and automated failover using Orchestrator. The architecture allows shared database resources across multiple applications while decoupling them from specific application servers. Test results confirm the system's ability to maintain seamless failover, consistent query routing, and uninterrupted client access through dynamic Virtual IP reassignment to backup server. By addressing the issues of previous studies, this solution provides a practical and scalable framework to achieve high availability in the MySQL cluster by combing ProxySQL, Orchestrator, and Keepalived, making it suitable for modern enterprise environments.