Advanced Clustering Approach for Mapping Regions of Paddy Productivity in Indonesia Using Intelligent K-Means

Paddy is an important agricultural commodity in Indonesia processed into rice, it is the main food for Indonesia. However, paddy production varies in each region which influences its price. Rice production affects by season so it has volatile prices. This paper aims to map areas in Indonesia according to paddy productivity. It uses datasets from the Ministry of Agriculture containing variables of the name of areas, paddy fields (hectare), paddy productions (ton), and paddy productivity (quintallhectare) from 2010 to 2023. It implements the Intelligent K-Means (iK-Means) algorithm. It clusters areas of provinces and districts with average Silhouette scores of 0.64 and 0.42, respectively. Clustering by provinces outputs two clusters with high and low paddy productivity. Provinces that have high paddy production are Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Barat, and Sulawesi Selatan. Clustering by districts also defines two clusters of high and low paddy production. The top districts that produce paddy are Indramayu, Karawang, Subang, Banyu Asin, Lamongan, Garut, Cilacap, Bone, Bojonegoro, Cianjur, Grobogan, Sukabumi, Ngawi, Tasikmalaya, and Ogan Komering Ulu Timur.