Employing the vertical electrical soundings (VES) and lithological data for defining the hydrostratigraphic unit in the mud Lapindo disaster area

• A hydrogeological model is developed for heavy metal-contaminated soil air in a disaster-prone area. • Integrated VES and lithology data support the model's hydrostratigraphic unit definition. • Interpreted VES data revealed 4 VES and 2 bore logs and fundamental parameters used to describe the hydraulic conductivity (K) and hydraulic resistance (C) values. • Based on the relationship between aquifer vulnerability index (AVI) and hydraulic resistance, the research area is included extremely high. • The study advances hydrostratigraphy understanding in the Mud Lapindo disaster region. The contribution of this study is to develop a hydrogeological system model of heavy metal contaminated soil in a disaster-prone area. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to use integrated data from Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) and lithology data to support the development of a hydrogeological model. In this study, the distribution of resistivity values is used to identify the presence of land. This technique was selected because to its ability to detect groundwater at a relatively deep layer. The number of layers and the distribution of apparent resistivity values with depth can both be ascertained using this curve as a guide. VES and lithology data analysis, including hydrogeochemical data analysis of groundwater samples, groundwater recharge computation, aquifer parameters, and model assumptions, are all included in this model. A hydrogeological model that depicts the pollution transport pathway is the result of the modeling procedure. Interpreted VES data revealed 4 VES and 2 bore logs and fundamental parameters used to describe the hydraulic conductivity (K) and hydraulic resistance (C) values are used to evaluate the aquifer protective layers' vulnerability. The aquifer layer's protective capacity is indicated by the hydraulic resistance (C), which has values between 0.00 and 0.6159 s. Based on the relationship between aquifer vulnerability index (AVI) and hydraulic resistance, the research area is included extremely high. This study significantly advances an understanding of hydrostratigraphy in the Mud Lapindo a disaster area by employing the application of groundwater flow hydrogeology modeling and VES.